Isinxephezelo sephutha esifanele seizinzwa zokucindezelauyisihluthulelo sohlelo lwabo. Izinzwa zengcindezi ikakhulukazi zinephutha lokuzwa, iphutha le-offset, iphutha le-hysteresesis, nephutha eliqondile. Lo mbhalo uzokwethula izindlela zalezi ziphutha ezine kanye nomthelela wazo emiphumeleni yokuhlola. Ngasikhathi sinye, izokwethula izindlela zokulinganisa izingcindezi kanye nezibonelo zohlelo lokusebenza ukwenza ngcono ukunemba kokulinganisa.
Njengamanje, kunezinzwa eziningi ezahlukahlukene emakethe, evumela onjiniyela bokuklama ukuthi bakhethe izinzwa zokucindezela ezidingekayo kohlelo. Lezi zinzwa zifaka phakathi ama-transformers ayisisekelo kakhulu kanye nezinzwa ezibucayi kakhulu zokuhlanganisa ezinemibuthano e-chip. Ngenxa yalokhu umehluko, onjiniyela bokuqamba kumele balwele ukunxephezela amaphutha okulinganisa ezinzwa ezingcindezini, okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinzwa zihlangabezana nezidingo zokwakheka nezicelo. Kwezinye izimo, isinxephezelo singathuthukisa futhi ukusebenza kwezwe lonke kuzinhlelo zokusebenza.
Imiqondo okuxoxwe ngayo kulesi sihloko iyasebenza ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinzwa ezihlukene zokucindezela, ezinezigaba ezintathu:
1. Ukulinganisa okuyisisekelo noma okungekho emthethweni;
2. Kunenxephezelo sokulinganisa nokushisa;
3. Inokulinganisa, isinxephezelo, kanye nokukhuliswa.
I-Offset, ukulinganisa okubandayo, kanye nesinxephezelo sokushisa sonke singatholakala ngamanethiwekhi wokuphikiswa kwamafilimu amancane, asebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-laser ngesikhathi senqubo yokupakisha. Le nzwa ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlangana ne-microcontroller, kanye nesoftware eshumekiwe ye-microcontroller uqobo isungula imodeli yezibalo yenzwa. Ngemuva kokuthi i-microcontroller ifundeka ama-voltage akhishwayo, imodeli ingaguqula i-voltage ibe yinani lokulinganisa lokucindezela ngokuguqulwa kwenguquko ye-analog-to-digital converter.
Imodeli elula yezibalo yezinzwa ngumsebenzi wokudlulisa. Imodeli ingahle ilungiswe kuyo yonke inqubo yokulinganisa, futhi ukuvuthwa kwayo kuzokwanda ngokwanda kwamaphoyinti wokulinganisa.
Ngokombono we-metrological, iphutha lokulinganisa linencazelo eqinile: libonisa umehluko phakathi kwengcindezi elinganiselwe nengcindezi yangempela. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthole ngokuqondile ingcindezi yangempela, kepha ingalinganiswa ngokusebenzisa amazinga wokucindezela afanele. Izazi zeMetrologist zivame ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngokunemba okungenani izikhathi eziyi-10 eziphakeme kunezisetshenziswa ezilinganisiwe njengezindlela zokulinganisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi amasistimu angenakuvinjwa angaguqula kuphela ukuguqula i-voltage ekhipha ukucindezela usebenzisa ukuzwela okujwayelekile kanye namanani we-offset.
Leli phutha lokuqala elingalinganisiwe liqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:
1. Iphutha lokuzwela: ubukhulu bephutha elikhiqizwe lilingana nengcindezi. Uma ukuzwela kwensiza kuphakeme kunenani elijwayelekile, iphutha lokuzwa lizoba umsebenzi owengeziwe wokucindezela. Uma ukuzwela kuphansi kunenani elijwayelekile, iphutha le-Sensitivity lizoba umsebenzi onciphayo wengcindezi. Isizathu sale phutha kungenxa yezinguquko kwinqubo yokuguquguquka.
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I-3. Iphutha leLag: Ezimweni eziningi, iphutha le-lag linganakwa ngokuphelele ngoba ama-wefers e-silicon anokuqina okuphezulu kwemishini. Ngokuvamile, iphutha le-hysteresis lidinga kuphela ukubhekwa ezimweni lapho kunoshintsho olukhulu lwengcindezi.
4. Iphutha eliqondile: Lesi isici esinomthelela omncane kwiphutha lokuqala, okubangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwe-silicon. Kodwa-ke, ngezinzwa nge-Amplifiers, ukungahambi kahle kwe-amplifier kufanele kufakwe. Ijika lephutha le-Linear lingaba yijika le-concave noma ijika le-convex.
Ukulinganisa kungasusa noma ukunciphisa kakhulu lawa maphutha, ngenkathi amasu wokunxeshewulwa ngokuvamile adinga ukunquma amapharamitha womsebenzi wangempela wokudlulisa wesistimu, kunokuba asebenzise amanani ajwayelekile. Ama-Potentiometers, abamelana kahle, futhi enye i-Hardware ingahle isetshenziswe kwinqubo yokunxeshezelwa, ngenkathi isoftware ingakwazi ukusebenzisa kalula le nkokhelo yenkokhelo yephutha.
Indlela eyodwa yokulinganisa iphuzu inganxephezela amaphutha we-offset ngokuqeda i-Drift endaweni ye-zero yomsebenzi wokudlulisa, futhi lolu hlobo lwendlela yokulinganisa lubizwa nge-zeroing ezenzakalelayo. Ukulinganisa kwe-offset kuvame ukwenziwa ku-zero transcient, ikakhulukazi ezinzwa ezihlukile, njengoba ingcindezi yokwehlukanisa ngokuvamile i-0 ngaphansi kwezimo ezingamagama. Ngezinzwa ezihlanzekile, ukulinganisa kwe-offset kunzima kakhulu ngoba kudinga uhlelo lokufunda ingcindezi ukukala inani layo lokucindezela elilinganiselwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela zasemkhathini, noma isilawuli sengcindezi sokuthola ingcindezi oyifunayo.
Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi ye-zero ye-Zero Yezinzwa Ehlukile kunembile kakhulu ngoba ingcindezi yokulinganisa iqinile zero. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunemba kokulinganisa lapho ingcindezi ingeyona zero incike ekusebenzeni kwesilawuli sokucindezela noma uhlelo lokulinganisa.
Khetha ingcindezi yokulinganisa
Ukukhethwa kwengcindezi yokulinganisa kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kunquma uhla lokucindezela olufezekisa ukunemba okuhle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ngemuva kokulinganisa, iphutha langempela le-offset lincishiswa endaweni yokulinganisa futhi lihlala ngenani elincane. Ngakho-ke, iphuzu lokulinganisa kumele likhethwe ngokususelwa kububanzi bezingcindezi eziqondiwe, futhi uhla lokucindezela kungenzeka lungahambisani nobubanzi bokusebenza.
Ukuze uguqule ama-voltage akhipha kube yinani lokucindezela, ukuzwela okujwayelekile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okukodwa kumamodeli wezibalo ngoba ukuzwela kwangempela kuvame ukungaziwa.
Ngemuva kokwenza i-offset calibration (i-PCAL = 0), ijika lephutha libonisa isihlobo se-offset esivele mpo kwijika elimnyama elimele iphutha ngaphambi kokulinganisa.
Le ndlela yokulinganisa inezidingo eziqinile nezindleko eziphakeme zokuqalisa ngokuqhathaniswa nendlela eyodwa yokulinganisa iphuzu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokulinganisa iphuzu, le ndlela ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kohlelo ngoba ayigcini nje ngokulinganisa i-offset, kodwa futhi ibuye azwela ukuzwela kwenzwa. Ngakho-ke, ekubalweni kwephutha, amanani wangempela wokuzwela angasetshenziswa esikhundleni samanani we-atypical.
Lapha, ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-0-500 megapascass (isikali esigcwele). Njengoba iphutha emaphoyinti wokulinganisa liseduze ne-zero, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusetha la maphuzu ukuze uthole iphutha lokulinganisa eliphansi ngaphakathi kobubanzi bengcindezi obulindelekile.
Ezinye izinhlelo zidinga ukucaciswa okuphezulu okufanele zigcinwe kulo lonke uhla lwengcindezi. Kulezi zicelo, indlela yokulinganisa amaphoyinti amaningi ingasetshenziswa ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Endleleni yokulinganisa amaphoyinti amaningi, hhayi kuphela amaphutha okuzwa kanye namaphutha wokuzwela okubhekwayo, kepha futhi namaphutha amaningi aqondile anakwa. Imodeli yezibalo esetshenzisiwe lapha ifana ncamashi nokulinganisa izigaba ezimbili zokuphumula ngakunye kokulinganisa (phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili wokulinganisa).
Ukulinganisa kwamaphuzu amathathu
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, iphutha eliqondile linefomu elingaguquki, futhi iphutha lejika livumelana nejika le-quadratic equation, ngosayizi ongabikezelwa kanye nokwakheka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi izinzwa ezingasebenzisi ama-amplifiers, njengoba ukungahambi kahle kwenzwa kususelwa kwizizathu zemishini (okubangelwa yingcindezi yamafilimu ye-silicon wafer).
Ukuchazwa kwezimpawu zamaphutha aqondile zingatholakala ngokubala iphutha eliphakathi nendawo lezibonelo ezijwayelekile futhi kunqume amapharamitha womsebenzi we-polynomial (a × 2 + BX + C). Imodeli etholwe ngemuva kokuthola i-A, B, kanye ne-C isebenza ngezinzwa zohlobo olufanayo. Le ndlela inganxephezela ngempumelelo amaphutha aqondile ngaphandle kwesidingo sephuzu lesithathu lokulinganisa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-27-2025