Izinzwaamadivaysi akhuthele wolwazi futhi anezobuchwepheshe, ahlobene nezinhlobo eziningi futhi anezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.I-oda ukuze azise kahle futhi asebenzise kahle, indlela yokuhlukanisa yesayensi iyadingeka. Nasi isingeniso esifushane sendlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yehlukaniso.
Okokuqala, ngokusho komshini osebenzayo we-sensor, kungahlukaniswa ngohlobo lomzimba, uhlobo lwamakhemikhali, uhlobo lwemvelo, imithetho eyisisekelo ye-physics yomsebenzi wokuzwa, umthetho obalulekile wokulondolozwa komthetho, nomthetho wezolonda.
Okwesibili, ngokuya ngomgomo wokwakheka, kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: Uhlobo lwesakhiwo nohlobo lomzimba.
Izinzwa ezihlelekile zisuselwa emithethweni yensimu ku-physics, kubandakanya nemithetho yokuhamba kwezinkambu ezinamandla kanye nemikhono ye-sensor ivame ukubonwa ngoshintsho lwezinzwa ezibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwengxenye yezakhi, kunokuba ushintsho lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Izinzwa zempahla yenyama zakhiwe ngokusekelwe emithethweni yendaba, njengomthetho kaHooke nomthetho we-OHM.Umthetho Wendaba ngumthetho oveza izakhiwo ezithile zenhloso. Iningi lale mithetho liyanikezwa ngesimo sezincazelo zento uqobo. Ubungako balaba buthana bunquma ukusebenza okuyinhloko kwenzwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwezinzwa zempahla engokwemvelo kuyahlukahluka ngezinto ezahlukahlukene Ngokusobala, izici zalo zihlobene kakhulu nezinto ezihlanganiswe ku-electrode.fona esinye isibonelo, zonke izinzwa ze-semiconductor, kanye nazo zonke izinzwa ezisebenzisa izinguquko ezingxenyeni zezimali, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinzwa ngokuya ngemithetho yokulondolozwa kanye nemithetho yezibalo, kepha zimbalwa. Ngaphansi.
Okwesithathu, ngokusho kokuguqulwa kwamandla kwenzwa, kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo lokulawula amandla kanye nohlobo lokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Inzwa yohlobo lokulawula amandla, enqubweni yokushintsha kolwazi, amandla ayo adinga ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Njengokumelana, ukumelana, ukusebenzisa amakhono kanye nezinye izinzwa zepharamitha ejikelezo kungezomkhakha weStain.Sessen ezisuselwa kumphumela wokumelana nobunzima, umphumela wokumelana, umphumela we-Photoelectric, umphumela we-perc, njll.
Inzwa yokuguqula amandla ikakhulukazi yakhiwa izinto zokuguqula amandla, futhi ayidingi ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Isibonelo, izinzwa zisuselwa emthethweni we-piezoelectric, umphumela we-pyroelectric, umphumela we-photoelectromotive Force, njll zonke izinzwa ezinjalo.
Okwesine, ngokwemigomo yenyama, ingahlukaniswa
1) Inzwa yepharamitha kagesi. Kufaka phakathi amafomu amathathu ayisisekelo: Ukumelana, okuqondayo, kanye ne-capacison.
2) inzwa ye-magnetoeelectric. Kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-Magneto-Electric Ukungeniswa, uhlobo lwehholo, uhlobo lwegridi le-magnetic, njll.
3) Sensor Piezoelectric.
4) Sensor Photoelectric. Kufaka uhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-photoelectric, uhlobo lwe-grating, uhlobo lwe-laser, uhlobo lwekhodi ye-photoelectric code disc, uhlobo lwe-fiber optical, uhlobo lwe-infrared, njll.
5) inzwa ye-pneumatic
6) Sensor Pyroelectric.
7) inzwa ye-wave. Kufaka phakathi i-ultrasonic, microwave, njll.
8) I-Ray Sensor.
9) inzwa yohlobo lwe-semiconductor.
10) izinzwa zezinye izimiso, njll.
Umgomo osebenzayo wezinzwa ezithile unendlela eyinhlanganisela yezimiso ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Isibonelo, izinzwa eziningi ze-semiconductor nazo zingabhekwa njengezinzwa zepharamitha kagesi.
Okwesihlanu, izinzwa zingahlukaniswa ngokwenhloso yazo, njengezinzwa zokususa, izinzwa zokucindezela, izinzwa zokudlidliza, izinzwa zokushisa, njalonjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kokuthi ukuphuma kwenzwa kuyisiginali ye-analog noma isiginali yedijithali, ingahlukaniswa ngezinzwa ze-analog kanye nezinzwa zedijithali. Ngokusho kokuthi inqubo yokuguqula iguqulwa kabusha, ingahlukaniswa ibe izinzwa eziguqukayo nezinzwa ezingafakwanga.
Izinzwa ezihlukene, ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene, izimo ezihlukile, izinjongo, izinkomba zazo zobuchwepheshe azikwazi ukuba zifane.kodwa ezinye izidingo ezijwayelekile ngokufanayo, kufaka phakathi: ① Ukwethembeka; Ukunemba okuthe xaxa; ③ Ukusebenza okunamandla; ④ Uzwela; isinqumo; ⑥ Uhla; ⑦ Ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamisa; (⑧ ukusetshenziswa kwamandla; ⑨ Izindleko; ithonya lento, njll.
Izidingo zokwethenjwa, ukunemba kwe-static, ukusebenza okunamandla, futhi uhla luyabonakala. Izinzwa zifeza inhloso yezinkomba ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ngemisebenzi yokutholwa. Izinzwa eziningi kufanele zisebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezinamandla, futhi wonke umsebenzi awukwazi ukwenziwa uma ukunemba akwanele, ukusebenza okunamandla akukuhle, noma ukwehluleka kwezenhlalo kuvame ukufakwa ezinhlelweni ezithile noma imishini. Uma inzwa ihluleka, kuzothinta isimo sonke. Ngakho-ke, ukuthembeka okusebenzayo, ukunemba okusebenzayo kanye nokusebenza okunamandla kwenzwa okuyisisekelo ne-anti-yokuhlukanisa amandla nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inzwa iyadingeka ukuba ibe nezimo eziguqukayo kulokhu, futhi kufanele futhi ifake ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ezinye izidingo eziningana ziyazichaza futhi ngeke zikhulunywe lapha.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Jan-11-2022